![]() ![]() ![]() Thus, it’s very likely that other intelligent, technologically advanced species evolved before us. For our own Milky Way galaxy, the odds of being the only technologically advanced civilization are 1 in 60 billion. This leads them to conclude that there should be other advanced technological civilization out there, unless the chance for developing such a civilization on a habitable planet in the observable universe is less than 1 in 10 24 (a 1 with 24 zeros!). Frank and Sullivan ask: What is the chance that we are the only technological species and always have been? If we put the question this way, the Drake Equation boils down to A = N ast * f bt, where A is the number of technological species that have ever formed over the history of the observable universe, N ast are all the astronomical unknowns (which we now have a much better handle on than we did in 1961), and f bt are the biological unknowns, which are still many-including the fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears, the fraction of those planets on which intelligent life emerges, and the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space.īased on recent exoplanet discoveries, Frank and Sullivan assume that one-fifth of all stars have habitable planets in orbit around them. Reframing the question makes longevity a moot point. This window might be very short, especially if technological species are typically replaced by machines. A big unknown in the original Drake Equation is the average lifetime of a civilization during which they might be available to communicate with us. Instead of estimating how many civilizations are out there to communicate with today, they estimate how many civilizations have been out there since the beginning of the Universe.Īt first glance this seems to be only a slight semantic difference, but it is not. Now Adam Frank from the University of Rochester and Woody Sullivan from the University of Washington take a slightly different approach to the problem and suggest a modification of the Drake Equation. Strengthen: Trinity Protein complex of Organic Amaranth, Soy and Keravis strengthen new emerging hair.For decades the famous Drake Equation has been used to estimate the number of technologically advanced species in the universe. A healthy follicle is a primary objective in healthy strong hair growth.ĥ. DHT may cause miniaturization of the hair's follicle resulting in weak, thinning hair and ultimately loss. Revitalize Healthy Follicle: Botanical extracts specifically Saw Palmetto work to maintain a stronger hair follicle by helping reduce dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The Awaken Amino Acid Complex including Lysine provides the building block for proteins and help repair damaged hair as well as promotes the healing of the scalp and reduction of free redicals in the skin.Ĥ. ![]() Cellular Rejuvenation / Anti-Aging: Essential Micro Mineral complex of Silica, Magnesium, Copper Iron and Zinc support healing and the development of healthy new skin cells which promote a healthy scalp and healthy, stronger, faster growing hair. Stimulate: Cayenne pepper, mint leaf and peppermint oil increase circulation.ģ. Cleanse: Features naturally derived sulfate-free cleansers from Babassu, Coconut and Palm Oil which deeply cleanse the scalp while gently cleansing the hair.Ģ. Recommended for all scalp challenges: Thinning Hair, Dandruff, Psoriasis, Itchy Scalp What Else You Need to Knowġ.Surface's Awaken Therapeutic Shampoo uses natural palm and coconut oil to gently cleanse while natural capsicum and menthol stimulate to maximize delivery of nutrients to hair and scalp. ![]()
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